By Scott Moritz

Texas Instruments (TXN) came up light in its second quarter and guided down for the third quarter.

The Dallas-based semiconductor shop reported adjusted earnings of 44 cents a share, compared to 42 cents a year ago, but the bottom line missed analysts’expectations for 46 cents a share in profit for the second quarter.

Sales were $3.35 billion in the quarter, down from $3.42 billion in a year ago and under the $3.39 billion top line analyts were looking for.

The company said “demand slowed unexpectedly in June” as distributors cut inventory. The company also said the first-quarter slowdown in wireless continued in the second quarter. Texas Instruments is one of the largest suppliers of wireless chips in the world and the top chip supplier to Nokia (NOK).

“We believe this slower demand was due to a mix of reasons, including a weaker economic environment and greater confidence in TI’s ability to deliver products within short lead times,” CEO Rich Templeton said in a press release.

Looking ahead, TI guided third-quarter numbers below Wall Street estimates. The chip giant expects earnings in the range of 41 cents a share to 47 cents a share. The company expects sales in the third quarter to be around $3.26 billion to $3.54 billion. Analysts expected a 51-cent profit on $3.56 billion in the third quarter

On a somewhat positive note, TI says it saw mixed signals in the downturn. “Our orders were up in the quarter and backlog grew, but we are cautious given the demand environment we just experienced. If demand strengthens as quickly as it slowed, we are well-positioned to meet it.”

By Scott Moritz

Tech investors were rattled after Nvidia (NVDA) set off a big alarm.

The graphic chip supplier to the PC industry on Wednesday slashed its second-quarter sales forecast to about $912 million, 17% below analysts’ estimates. It also said it would take a $150 million to $200 million charge to cover replacement costs of defective chips.

The warning sent Nvidia shares down 31% Thursday and added more pressure to the Nasdaq, which fell 2%, and is now down more than 9% in the past month.

But some analysts think investors overreacted by sending tech stocks down on Nvidia’s warning. The company’s problems appear to be specific to Nvidia.

“While the company attributed a portion of the miss to global end market weakness, our checks indicate component demand from other chip companies touching the PC end market is stable,” JPMorgan analyst Shawn Webster wrote in a report Wednesday.

No.2 rival AMD (AMD), which fell 1% Thursday, likely saw solid demand for graphics chips and probably took some of Nvidia’ business in the quarter, analysts says.

Webster downgraded the stock to neutral from buy after concluding that many of Nvidia’s problems are company-specific. He says Nvidia started the quarter with a pile of excess graphics chips. This surplus was compounded by increased competition as rivals took market share and capitalized on a shift among computer makers from separate graphics cards to integrated-graphics chips. Nvidia, which commands 80% of the graphics processor market, mostly sells separate graphics cards.

Nvidia spread the blame for the sharp sales decline on a number of factors, including a replacement of bad chips, a soft economy, product delays and price competition. “There’s a bit of ‘and-the-kitchen-sink’ to this,” says one Wall Street analyst.

“We knew that the July quarter was going to be choppy, but we didn’t expect this magnitude of bad news so early,” Cowen analyst Dan Berenbaum wrote in a note Thursday, referring to the four weeks of business yet to book in Nvidia’s second quarter ending July 31.

Berenbaum says the stock is trading like the company is at death’s door, but he argues that “the near-term difficulties do not mean that Nvidia is in secular decline.”

By Michal Lev-Ram

Couch potatoes, listen up: If you’re still using an analog TV, you might find static instead of “American Idol” on your screen come Feb. 18, 2009. That’s when the Federal Communications Commission plans to end a half-century of analog broadcasting.

This is the final step in switching to digital television broadcasting, which takes up less bandwidth and allows for high-definition pictures. With the government’s auction of the old analog TV spectrum now completed — companies like Verizon Wireless (VZ) and AT&T (T) bid billions of dollars those airwaves, which are well-suited for mobile broadband — attention is focusing on the 11.4 million U.S. households that Nielsen estimates are not ready for the big switch to digital television.

The only way consumers can keep their old televisions is by paying for cable or satellite service or buying a converter box, which receives and converts digital signals into a format that analog TVs can display. To make sure these analog-only households aren’t stuck without programming next February, the government has launched a coupon program to make the transition to digital smoother. Qualifying families can apply for up to two, $40 coupons to be used toward purchasing converter boxes.

Todd Sedmak, a spokesman for the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, the government group overseeing the coupons program, says companies in the broadcasting, cable and consumer electronics industries have committed to spending over $1 billion to educate consumers about the upcoming change.

“Many resources are being tapped to inform the public,” says Sedmak, who adds that more than 4.5 million households have already requested about 8.5 million coupons. To date though, the government has only mailed about 2 million coupons.

Critics say despite the efforts to educate, getting the word out to over 11 million people — many of them living in rural locations — will be difficult. They also argue that converter boxes are not readily available and that that the coupons are good for only three months. Best Buy (BBY) carries only one model, retailing for $60, that is covered by the coupon.

What’s more, the upcoming switch could affect some groups more than others. According to a recent Nielsen study, adults over 55 are better prepared than younger households, while Hispanics and African-American households will be more affected than whites and Asians.

Eric Rossi, head of Nielsen’s digital transition preparedness team, said in a recent report: “The change to all-digital broadcasting is the most significant change in the history of television.”